Diversity of bird species in the Duriangkang Protected Forest, Batam City

Abstract

This study aims to identify bird species, analyze their diversity levels, and assess their habitat conditions. This study used a descriptive quantitative method, where observations were conducted using the point count method at three different locations: forest edges, forests, and gardens. From the results of the study, a total of 21 bird species were successfully identified. There were significant differences in diversity between the three locations. The forest (Station 2) recorded the highest level of diversity (H' = 2.21) and the lowest species dominance (D = 0.14) due to its complete and natural vegetation. This condition provides abundant food sources and shelter, thus supporting the existence of many bird species in a balanced manner. In contrast, gardens (Station 3) had the lowest diversity (H' = 1.74) and the highest species dominance (D = 0.22). This is thought to be due to less diverse vegetation and high disturbance from human activities. Meanwhile, the forest edge (Station 1) was in the middle condition, with moderate diversity (H' = 2.00) and moderate dominance (D = 0.20). This situation indicates that the area still benefits from the forest environment, but is also beginning to be pressured by surrounding human activities. Overall, it can be concluded that natural and diverse habitats support a higher diversity of bird species, while disturbed areas tend to have lower diversity and are dominated by certain species.